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Mechanism of arterial remodeling in chronic allograft vasculopathy

Qichang Zheng, Shanglong Liu, Zifang Song

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 248-253 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0149-3

摘要： Chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains a major obstacle for long-term survival of grafts even though therapeutic strategies have improved considerably in recent years. CAV is characterized by concentric and diffuse neointimal formation, medial apoptosis, infiltration of lymphocyte or inflammatory cells, and deposition of extracellular matrix both in arteries and veins. Recent studies have shown that stem cells derived from the recipient contribute to neointimal formation under the regulation of chemokines and cytokines. Arterial remodeling in allografts eventually causes ischemic graft failure. The pathogenesis is multi-factorial with both immunologic and non-immunological factors being involved. The immunological factors have been discussed extensively in other articles. This review focuses mainly on the arterial remodeling that occurs in 3 layers of vessel walls including intimal injury, accumulation of smooth muscle-like cells in the neointimal, medial smooth muscle cell apoptosis, adventitial fibrosis, and deposition of extracellular matrix.

关键词： transplantation chronic rejection neointimal immunology arterial remodeling allograft vasculopathy

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Gut microbiota and its implications in small bowel transplantation

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 239-248 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0617-0

摘要：

The gut microbiota is mainly composed of a diverse population of commensal bacterial species and plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immune modulation and metabolism. The influence of the gut microbiota on solid organ transplantation has recently been recognized. In fact, several studies indicated that acute and chronic allograft rejection in small bowel transplantation (SBT) is closely associated with the alterations in microbial patterns in the gut. In this review, we focused on the recent findings regarding alterations in the microbiota following SBT and the potential roles of these alterations in the development of acute and chronic allograft rejection. We also reviewed important advances with respect to the interplays between the microbiota and host immune systems in SBT. Furthermore, we explored the potential of the gut microbiota as a microbial marker and/or therapeutic target for the predication and intervention of allograft rejection and chronic dysfunction. Given that current research on the gut microbiota has become increasingly sophisticated and comprehensive, large cohort studies employing metagenomic analysis and multivariate linkage should be designed for the characterization of host–microbe interaction and causality between microbiota alterations and clinical outcomes in SBT. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the role of gut microbiota in the development of allograft rejection and other transplant-related complications and introduce novel therapeutic targets and treatment approaches in clinical practice.

关键词： gut microbiota small bowel transplantation acute rejection chronic rejection mucosal immunity biomarker microbiota-targeted therapy

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New perspective on the natural course of chronic HBV infection

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 129-134 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0339-x

摘要：

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant threat to public health and an enormous burden on society. Mechanisms responsible for chronic HBV infection remain poorly understood. A better understanding of the natural course of chronic HBV infection may shed new light on the mechanisms underlying this disease and help in designing new antiviral strategies. Natural course of chronic HBV infection is conventionally viewed as an uninterrupted process that is usually marked by HBV e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion or characterized by different phases associated with assumed host responses to HBV infection. However, none of these descriptions captures or highlights the core events that determine the natural course of chronic HBV infection. In this review, we briefly present the current knowledge on this subject and explain the significance and implication of events that occur during infection. A pre-core mutant becomes predominant in the viral population following elimination of the wild-type virus in duck hepatitis B virus-chronically infected animals. The coupled events in which first there is viral clearance that clears wild-type virus and then there is the reinfection of wild-type virus cleared livers with mutant virus are highly relevant to understanding of the natural course of chronic HBV infection under both treated and untreated conditions. In our new perspective, a general natural course of chronic HBV infection comprises cycles of viral clearance and reinfection, and such cycles prolong the chronic HBV infection course. Reviewing published data on the natural course of chronic HBV infection can reduce the possibility of missing important points in the initial data interpretation.

关键词： hepatitis B virus chronic HBV infection natural course hepatitis B seroconversion

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Effect of renal function and hemodialysis on the serum tumor markers in patients with chronic kidney

YU Xiaofang, XU Xialian, YE Zhibin

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 308-311 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0059-6

摘要： In patients with chronic renal failure, whether they have had hemodialysis or not, the specificity of some of the serum tumor markers for the diagnosis of the corresponding tumors is decreased while others remain as valuable as they are in patients with normal kidney function. The detection of tumor markers is extensively used for the diagnosis of corresponding tumors. It has been recently shown that some tumor markers are higher in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) than in the normal population. The effects of renal function and hemodialysis were examined on serum levels of some of the tumor markers including CEA, CA, CA, AFP, CA, CA, CYFRA, NSE, SCC-Ag, PSA, and fPSA. The 232 non-dialysis patients with CKD and 37 chronic uremic patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled in this study. The 232 non-dialysis patients were divided into three groups according to their Ccr. In group 1, Ccr was ≤25 mL/min. In group 2, Ccr was between 25 and 50 mL/min. In group 3, Ccr was ≥50 mL/min. The male patients were also divided into three groups to compare the serum levels of PSA and fPSA among the three groups. Nine tumor markers in 37 uremic patients were tested. For comparison, 37 non-dialysis patients with similar Ccr of the same age and gender served as controls. There existed significant differences in serum levels of CEA, CA, CYFRA, NSE, and SCC-Ag among different Ccr groups and the markers bore a negative correlation with Ccr. There were no significant differences among the three groups in the serum concentrations of CA, AFP, CA, CA, PSA and fPSA. The serum levels of CA and NSE were significantly higher (199, CYFRA, NSE, CA and SCC-Ag for the diagnosis of the corresponding tumors was decreased while serum AFP, CA, CA, PSA and fPSA were as valuable as they were in patients with normal kidney function. Hemodialysis further increased the serum level of CA and NSE.

关键词： CKD non-dialysis valuable detection chronic

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Acupuncture is ineffective for chronic low back pain? A critical analysis and rethinking

Xuqiang Wei, Baoyan Liu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 767-775 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0785-6

摘要： Acupuncture is a promising treatment for relieving pain and improving lower back function in clinical practice. However, evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) remains controversial. Most RCTs conclude that acupuncture procedures for chronic low back pain (CLBP) had no significant difference in efficacy and belonged to placebo. We carefully reviewed and analyzed the methodology and implementation of sham acupuncture in RCTs. Controversial evidence of acupuncture for CLBP is only a microcosm of the evaluation methodological limitation of acupuncture. Inappropriate selection of sham acupuncture controls, rigorous RCT research models, and incorrect interpretation of results may contribute to negative evidence. Evaluating and disregarding the holistic efficacy of acupuncture with an explanatory RCT model based on evaluation drugs may be unwise. Moreover, sham acupuncture is often proven to be non-inert, unreasonable, and with low fidelity. Pitfalls of the explanatory RCT model and sham acupuncture design should be avoided. Establishing a new evaluation system that is in line with the clinical characteristics of acupuncture and obtaining high-quality evidence are difficult but promising tasks.

关键词： chronic low back pain sham acupuncture acupuncture methodology therapeutic evaluation

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Vaccine therapies for chronic hepatitis B: can we go further?

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 17-23 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0313-7

摘要：

Chronic hepatitis B is a major health burden worldwide. In addition to the recent progress in antiviral treatment, therapeutic vaccination is a promising new strategy for the control of chronic hepatitis B. On the basis of the major specific and non-specific immune dysregulations and defects in chronic hepatitis B patients, this paper presents the peptide and protein-based, DNA-based, cell-based, and antigen-antibody-based therapeutic vaccines, which have undergone clinical trials. The advantages, disadvantages, and future perspectives for these therapeutic vaccines are discussed.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B therapeutic antigen-antibody complexes DNA vaccine

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Perceived resource support for chronic illnesses among diabetics in north-western China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 219-227 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0441-3

摘要：

A high level of social support can improve long-term diabetes self-management. Support from a single source has been evaluated. This study aims to analyze support from multiple and multilevel sources for diabetic patients by using the Chronic Illness Resources Survey (CIRS). Factors influencing the utilization of the CIRS were also evaluated. A total of 297 patients with diabetes were investigated using the CIRS and Perceived Diabetes Self-management Scale in Shihezi City, China. Descriptive statistics were used to explain demographic variables and scores of the scales. Factors affecting the utilization of chronic illness resources were determined through univariate analysis and then examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Of the 297 diabetic patients surveyed, 67% failed to reach the standard (more than 3 points) of utilizing chronic illness resources. Moreover, utilization of chronic illness resources was positively moderately correlated with self-management of diabetes (r = 0.75, P <0.05). According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (OR, 3.42; 95%CI, 1.19–9.84) and monthly income (OR, 5.27; 95%CI, 1.86–14.90) were significantly positively associated with the CIRS score. Individuals with high school (OR, 2.61; 95%CI, 1.13–6.05) and college (OR, 3.02; 95%CI, 1.13–8.04) degrees obtained higher scores in the survey than those with elementary school education. Results indicated that utilization of resources and support for chronic illness self-management, particularly personal adjustment and organization, were not ideal among diabetics in the communities of north-western China. Improved utilization of chronic illness resources was conducive for proper diabetes self-management. Furthermore, the level of utilization of chronic illness resources increased with age, literacy level, and monthly income.

关键词： chronic illness resources survey diabetes community north-western China

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RGO-MXene membranes with wettability-regulated channels: improved water permeability and electro-enhanced rejection

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1601-8

摘要：

● Electroconductive RGO-MXene membranes were fabricated.

关键词： Reduced graphene oxide MXene Membrane Water permeance Dye rejection Electro-assistance

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Simulation of the optimal heat rejection pressure for transcritical CO

Junlan YANG, Yitai MA, Minxia LI, Hua TIAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 522-526 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0027-8

摘要： In order to optimize and control transcritical CO refrigeration cycle, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the system performance. The simulation results show that a maximum COP exists at the optimal heat rejection pressure not only for throttle valve cycle but also for expander cycle. Also, the optimal heat rejection pressures of the throttle valve cycle are greater than those of the expander cycle under the same condition. In order to further obtain correlation of the optimal heat rejection pressure for transcritical CO expander cycle, it is necessary to analyze the impact degree of compressor efficiency, expander efficiency, gas cooler outlet temperature and evaporation temperature. Based on the simulation results, the values of the optimal heat rejection pressure for the expander cycle were regressed in terms of gas cooler outlet temperature and evaporation temperature at given compressor efficiency and expander efficiency. Finally, two types of polynomial correlations were obtained. One is cubic form, with an average deviation of less than 0.5% and the other is simplified form, with an average deviation of less than 1%. It is, therefore, convenient to use either correlation to simulate the performance of transcritical CO expander cycle.

关键词： transcritical CO₂ cycle optimal heat rejection pressure simulation expander

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Correlation between viral load and liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B patients

Lili LIU MM , Jiyao WANG MD , Weimin SHE MM ,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 271-276 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0054-1

摘要： The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels during the course and the progression to cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis B. A total of 239 chronic hepatitis B patients confirmed by liver biopsy between 2001 and 2007 were followed up for a median of 28 months. Compared with the patients without cirrhosis, the patients progressed to cirrhosis were older and with higher HBV-DNA levels at end point. However, there was no significant difference in cirrhosis progression between different HBV-DNA groups at baseline ( = 0.531). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed higher HBV-DNA level at endpoint had increasing risk of cirrhosis ( = 0.019). The results of Cox model indicated that HBV-DNA levels at endpoint, stage of fibrosis, negative hepatitis B e antigen, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase at baseline were independent risk factors of cirrhosis. The relative risk ratios were 1.898, 1.918, 8.976, and 1.006, respectively. Progression to cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B patients is correlated with HBV-DNA levels during follow-up.

关键词： hepatitis B chronic viral load liver cirrhosis

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Advances in some common chronic liver diseases

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 127-128 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0341-3

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Overview on acute-on-chronic liver failure

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 1-17 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0439-x

摘要：

Liver failure (LF) is defined as severe dysfunction in hepatic synthesis, detoxification, and metabolism induced by various etiologies. Clinical presentation of LF typically includes severe jaundice, coagulation disorder, hepatic encephalopathy, and ascites. LF can be classified into acute LF, acute-on-chronic LF (ACLF), and chronic LF. ACLF has been demonstrated as a distinct syndrome with unique clinical presentation and outcomes. The severity, curability, and reversibility of ACLF have attracted considerable attention. Remarkable developments in ACLF-related conception, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and therapy have been achieved. However, this disease, especially its diagnostic criteria, remains controversial. In this paper, we systemically reviewed the current understanding of ACLF from its definition, etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, and clinical presentation to management by thoroughly comparing important findings between east and west countries, as well as those from other regions. We also discussed the controversies, challenges, and needs for future studies to promote the standardization and optimization of the diagnosis and treatment for ACLF.

关键词： liver failure chronic liver failure acute-on-chronic liver failure diagnosis prognosis treatment

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Novel Ag-AgBr decorated composite membrane for dye rejection and photodegradation under visible light

Yixing Wang, Liheng Dai, Kai Qu, Lu Qin, Linzhou Zhuang, Hu Yang, Zhi Xu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 892-901 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2011-0

摘要： Photocatalytic membranes have received increasing attention due to their excellent separation and photodegradation of organic contaminants in wastewater. Herein, we bound Ag-AgBr nanoparticles onto a synthesized polyacrylonitrile-ethanolamine (PAN-ETA) membrane with the aid of a chitosan (CS)-TiO layer via vacuum filtration and partial reduction. The introduction of the CS-TiO layer improved surface hydrophilicity and provided attachment sites for the Ag-AgBr nanoparticles. The PAN-ETA/CS-TiO /Ag-AgBr photocatalytic membranes showed a relatively high water permeation flux (~ 47 L·m ·h ·bar ) and dyes rejection (methyl orange: 88.22%; congo red: 95%; methyl blue: 97.41%; rose bengal: 99.98%). Additionally, the composite membranes exhibited potential long-term stability for dye/salt separation (dye rejection: ~97%; salt rejection: ~6.5%). Moreover, the methylene blue and rhodamine B solutions (20 mL, 10 mg·L ) were degraded approximately 90.75% and 96.81% in batch mode via the synthesized photocatalytic membranes under visible light irradiation for 30 min. This study provides a feasible method for the combination of polymeric membranes and inorganic catalytic materials.

关键词： Ag-AgBr dye rejection photodegradation visible light

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allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to nilotinib and dasatinib for adult patients with chronic

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 304-311 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0400-4

摘要：

In the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era, imatinib is the first-line therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic or accelerated phase. Although second-generation TKIs (TKI₂), including dasatinib and nilotinib, are appropriate treatment regimens for patients with disease that progressed to accelerated phase following imatinib therapy, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only curative therapy. This study retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of TKI₂ and HSCT for treatment of CML in accelerated phase. Ninety-three patients with CML registered in the Chinese CML alliance database from February 2001 to February 2014 were enrolled and divided into the TKI₂ (n?=?33) and allo-HSCT (n?=?60) groups. In the TKI₂ group, 26 and 7 patients received nilotinib and dasatinib, respectively, as initial TKI₂ and 11 patients transferred to the alternative TKI₂ after failure to one TKI₂. In the allo-HSCT group, 22 (36.7%), 35 (58.3%), and 3 (10%) patients underwent allo-HSCT from an HLA-matched sibling donor, HLA mismatched/haploidentical donor, and unrelated donor, respectively. All patients in the HSCT group were engrafted. Overall, 69.7%, 48.5%, and 45.5% of patients presented hematological, cytogenetic, and major molecular responses, respectively, to at least one of TKI₂. All 60 patients (100%) achieved CHR and cytogenetic response in the HSCT group. Patients in the TKI₂ group exhibited lower 5-year overall survival rate (42.9% vs. 86.4%, P = 0.002), 5-year event-free survival rate (14.3% vs. 76.1%, P<0.001), and 5-year progression-free survival (28.6% vs. 78.1%, P<0.001) than those in the allo-HSCT group. Multivariate analysis showed that male sex and TKI₂therapy were predictors of poor overall survival, whereas hemoglobin<100 g/L and TKI₂ therapy were predictors of poor event-free survival and progression-free survival. These results indicated that allo-HSCT may be superior to nilotinib and dasatinib for adult patients with CML in accelerated phase.

关键词： chronic myeloid leukemia imatinib dasatinib nilotinib allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment in China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 135-144 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0331-5

摘要：

Chronic hepatitis B is a major health problem in China. The universal vaccination program since 1992 has changed the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in China from highly to moderately endemic. The most prevalent hepatitis B virus strains in China are genotypes B and C, whereas those in western provinces are genotypes D and C/D hybrid. Chronic hepatitis B poses a heavy burden to the society in China. Different treatment strategies have been explored to improve patient outcomes in a cost-effective manner. However, antiviral drugs with a low genetic barrier to resistance are still extensively used because of the generally low income and limited resources in China. Individualized antiviral therapy is closely associated with translational medicine, which utilizes information from studies on genomics, immune biomarkers, and fibrosis. The results of these studies are crucial in further improving treatment outcomes.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B epidemiology prevention treatment